Khopala is in Gharda tehsil of Bhavnagar district. The village has a
population of about 4,000, with approximately 16,000 bighas of irrigated land. The
entire area has been facing acute water crisis for drinking and irrigation purposes.
During such adverse circumstances Savani initiated a water harvesting project in his
village. As a result the intensity of the drinking water crisis has been minimised. After
attaining success in his village, Savani is replicating this initiative in other affected
areas. For a wider outreach he has institutionalised his efforts by constituting
Saurashtra Jaldhara Trust (SJT).
During the time of water crisis, Savani was affected by the pitiable condition of his
village, Khopala. He got involved in searching for a viable approach to address this
problem. While studying the existing water problem in the region, Savani realised that
there were basically two main reasons for the water crisis. First, was the
overexploitation of groundwater by the villagers for irrigation purposes without ensuring
recharge of the underground aquifer. Second, was the fact that approximately 90 per cent
of the rainwater was allowed to wastefully flow to the sea without replenishing the
underground aquifer.
According to Babubhai Jhabalia, resident of Gharda tehsil "Prior to the
implementation of the project, Savani organised numerous village-level meetings to
motivate and sensitise the villagers regarding the project". Throughout the process
of social mobilisation, Savani projected the water problem not as an individual crisis,
but as an issue affecting the entire village. Through his persistent efforts the entire
village came together as a cohesive group and worked towards a common goal.
He initiated the process of fund collection from the village itself. Even a small
farmer contributed his share of money, which was kept at Rs 300 per bigha, in
addition to shramdaan. A total of Rs 48 lakh was collected through this process.
The total collection was of Rs 2 crore. The remaining amount was collected from people who
are settled in Mumbai, Baroda and Surat. The entire work was accomplished in a record time
of six months. During the first round of rains in 1999 all the check dams got filled up,
recharging the existing 200 wells and 200 borewells. Apart from the recharge of water
sources, the village had a profit of Rs 7 crore from agriculture. Khopala has since then
become a terath sthan (pilgrimage) for people who are interested in replicating the
initiative.
Savani popularised drip irrigation technology in the village, basically to minimise the
usage of water. Out of the 16,000 bighas of agriculture land drip irrigation has
been installed in 4,000 bighas. In the coming year another 4,000 bighas of
land will be covered under the scheme. Thus, in four years the entire irrigation in
Khopala will be through drip irrigation system.
After achieving success in Khopala, Savani was interested in spreading the movement to
other parts of Saurashtra. He once again mobilised the people from Saurashtra settled in
Mumbai, Baroda and Surat to strengthen the initiative. On getting a positive response,
Saurashtra Jaldhara Trust (SJT) was constituted in October 1999. The main objective of SJT
is to work towards upliftment of communities in economical, social, agricultural and
environmental context.
After the formation of SJT, the trust organised a pad yatra to spread awareness
regarding water conservation in Bhavnagar and adjoining scarcity hit areas. The yatra was
organised from 14th to 19th November 1999. Diamond merchants, social activists, eminent
personalities, priests and village leaders took part in the village level meetings and
shared their thoughts regarding water harvesting with the villagers.
This year also, SJT was proactively involved in providing assistance to villages under
the state sponsored Sardar Patel Participatory Water Conservation Programme. SJT helped
the villagers by providing 2,000 bags of cement free of cost. The remaining cement
requirement was given at a discounted rate of Rs 105 instead of the existing market rate
of Rs 130 per bag. SJT wanted to help only those villagers which could cohesively
construct check dams in their village.
The future plan of SJT is to develop Saurashtra as a green and water crisis-free zone.
According to a member of SJT "There are 78 rivers in the region carrying water into
the sea. SJT is trying to develop a plan in which 5,600 villages of Saurashtra and Kachch
construct check dams under the banner of SJT or otherwise". Apart from construction
work, SJT would further intensify its educational and awareness raising campaign. They
plan to educate villagers regarding frugal use of water while irrigating their
agricultural land. They are also planning to popularise drip irrigation system in villages
with the view of restrictive but constructive use of water.